To save an image from a PDF, simply open the document and click on the image you want to extract. Once highlighted, right-click on the image and select Copy. Then, …Step 4. Open the control panel on your computer by clicking on the "Start" menu. Open your "Displays and Appearances" menu and click on the screensaver icon or hyperlink. A dialogue box will open with an image of your desktop screen and your current screensaver. A drop-down menu will give you the option of choosing your computer's photos as a ...Here’s how it works: Launch Acrobat and open your PDF file. Select the Export PDF tool from the menu bar on the right. Select the Excel file format from the Convert To drop-down menu. Select the Convert button. Name your Excel file and select Save. You can now open your new Excel file and check that all the data displays correctly.While default settings do a great job, our "Advanced Settings" (optional) give you full control of Image to PDF conversion. PDF Page Size - Set the page size of your output PDF A4, A3, Legal, Letter... etc.; Orientation - Set landscape or portrait orientation for the PDF; Margin - Set the size of the margin (white border) around your images; Image Alignment - Align …2. In the Convert PDF to Image dialog, do any of the following:. Under Files for Conversion, click Add Files, and then browse to select additional PDF files to include.; Highlight a PDF file from the list and then use the Move Up or Move Down options to reorder the documents, or click Remove to remove a document from the list.; Click the checkbox next to Include …Each browser has a slightly different way of doing it, but they all involve going to the browser's main menu or settings panel. For example, in Chrome, click on the menu icon, then select Print ...Editing your PDF directly means you can make those changes quickly while maintaining your pristine and practical form layout. When you learn how to modify a PDF, you can also unlock creativity and document collaboration. If you’re doing remote work with a team, you can edit, annotate, comment and collaborate on PDFs together.Select a file. Split PDFs with an easy online tool. The Acrobat PDF splitter lets you quickly separate PDF pages into unique files. Turn your PDFs into photos for easy picture editing and use. Follow this tutorial to learn how to convert a PDF into a photo file. Benefits and use cases for converting a PDF to a photo. As a photographer or a graphic designer, you might sometimes wish the PDF file you’re working with was a photo. Maybe you received a picture file as a PDF or ... Open Acrobat and choose “Tools” > “Create PDF”.; Select the file type you want to create a PDF from: single file, multiple files, scan, or other option. Click “Create” or “Next” depending on the file type.; Follow the prompts to convert to PDF and save to your desired location.How To Convert a PDF to an Image: Drag & drop your PDF in the box or click “Choose File.”. Choose “Convert entire pages” or “Extract single images.”. Download your high …Create a new layer on top. Select all in all layers. Alt + B to make a bitmap copy of all selected. Shift + PgUp to put the new image on the top layer. Right mouse button on the top layer to get menu: Hide all other layers. Save a copy as PDF. To make revisions: undo hide all layers and delete the top layer. Start at step one when ready to save ...3 days ago · Tap the downward arrow and toggle on Select Multiple to convert multiple images into PDF. Tap the search bar below → Go to the Categories tab → Select Media → Tap Convert Image. Now, tap JPEG and replace it with PDF . Again tap the search bar → Go to the Apps tab → Select Files. Choose Save File → Select Done. To run the Shortcut: In Outlook, the following procedure only works for photos. Right-click the illustration that you want to save as a separate image file, and then click Save as Picture. In the Save as type list, select the file format that you want. In the File name box, type a new name for the picture, or just accept the suggested file name.Right-click the PDF file in question. Open it using Acrobat Reader. Within the program, navigate to the Tools tab, followed by Export PDF. You’ll see a list of formats for exporting the PDF file ...In Outlook, open the message you want to convert to PDF. Click File in the menu bar and select Print from the drop-down menu. Click the PDF drop-down menu and select Save as PDF . Type in a name for the PDF file. Click the arrow next to the Save As field and navigate to the folder where you want to store the file.To save a file as a PDF document in Windows 10: Open the file you want to save as a PDF document. For example, if you want to save an .RTF file as a PDF document, open the file in WordPad. Select the print option (typically File → Print…) or type "Ctrl + P” as a shortcut. Choose Microsoft Print to PDF from the list of available printers ...Edit the file as needed, click the File menu, and select Save As. Choose a location to save the file, make sure the ""Word Document"" option is selected as the file format, and then click Save. If you don't have Word, you can use Google Docs to convert a PDF for free. But, if the PDF contains images, they may be lost during the conversion.Convert a PDF to JPG, PNG or TIFF with Adobe Acrobat online services. Follow our easy steps to save a PDF in an image format in seconds. Try it for free! How To Convert to and From PDF: Upload your file to the universal online PDF converter. The tool will instantly upload and transform the file. Compress, edit, or modify the output file, if necessary. Download the file or export it to Dropbox or Google Drive. Choose the "PDF" option from the As section and then click the "OK" button. The text you copied from the first Word document will now be inserted as an uneditable object. When you click it, a box will appear around the block. Now, right-click the PDF block and select the "Save as Picture" option. Finally, from the Save menu that appears, …Save PDF as JPG in 2 clicks. Save PDF as JPG. “Extract single images” will instruct the tool to search for actual images within the PDF and only extract those. The …Dec 20, 2022 · You can crop the image as long as you like. To save the webpage as an image, hold and drag the down arrow until the end of the page. Also, hold the up arrow and pull it to the top. Once completed, press the checkmark icon on the bottom. Again, you can edit or crop the image further. Upon completion, press Next. How To Convert a PDF to an Image: Drag & drop your PDF in the box or click “Choose File.”. Choose “Convert entire pages” or “Extract single images.”. Download your high-quality images in a matter of seconds. Quickly turn your PDFs into high-quality images. Secure, private, fast, free. No signup or credit card needed.Click File > Export. Select 'JPEG' from the 'Format' dropdown menu. Click Save. Convert PDF to JPEG on Mac computers.Adjust DPI before you export from Word to PDF. If you don’t have a PDF tool, you can manually adjust the image DPI settings in Word before you save it as a PDF. You’ll need to follow a few extra steps: Find the advanced settings in Word. Change your default DPI selection. To preserve image quality, you’ll need a higher DPI. Save your changes.Microsoft Paint can save pictures in several different formats, including bitmap (BMP), JPG, GIF and TIFF. ... There are two ways to convert from Paint to PDF: the first creates an actual-size picture with white space covering the rest of the page, and the second creates a full-page picture. Advertisement Actual Size Picture to PDF Video of the DayMar 17, 2022 · To save a single PDF page as a JPEG image, right-click on the file, and under "Open With," select "Preview." In the Preview app, scroll to the page you want to save. Then, click "File" in the top ... The Google Chrome browser has a feature that lets you save any page as a PDF. If you have Google Chrome, print the page and change the printer option to Save as PDF. If you have a different browser, ... Press Ctrl+V to paste the URL to either of the services to save the file as a picture or a PDF. Related information. How to take a ... Just follow the four easy steps below: Open your web browser and navigate to the Convert JPG to PDF tool. Tap Select a File and choose your picture. The tool automatically converts your picture to a PDF. Download your freshly converted PDF. If you’re not sure where your PDF went, learn how to find PDF files on Android. Open Acrobat and choose “Tools” > “Create PDF”.; Select the file type you want to create a PDF from: single file, multiple files, scan, or other option. Click “Create” or “Next” depending on the file type.; Follow the prompts to convert to PDF and save to your desired location.How to Save a Picture as a PDF Photos are commonly saved and viewed in their original file formats. Popular formats of images are JPG, JPEG, and PNG. But occasionally, you may be required to provide photos in PDF form. This is normally not a default format. This article will show you how to convert photos int...You can hold Ctrl while clicking to select multiple objects, Shift to select ranges of objects, or press Ctrl+A to select every object in a folder. Make sure that "Printer" is set to "Microsoft Print to PDF," then click the "Print" button. Name the PDF and select where you'd like it to be saved, then click "Save."In detail: How to Convert a Word Document to JPG Step-by-Step. Open our Word to PDF online converter. Simply drag and drop your file and it’ll do the rest. All you need to do is save your new PDF file. Alternatively, you can open your Word document and go to File > Print. In the Print Menu, click the drop-down and select Microsoft Print to PDF.Jul 18, 2022 · Tap and hold on this image and select "Open Image in New Tab." Switch to the newly launched tab. Then, in Chrome's top-right corner, tap the three dots and choose "Share." From the share menu, select "Print." On the print screen, at the top, tap the drop-down menu and choose "Save as PDF." Open the PDF using Adobe Acrobat or free Adobe Acrobat Reader. Select File. Select Properties. Find the file size listed in the “Document Properties Description” tab. You can also go directly to the file itself using the files app on your device. On a Mac: Open Finder. Right-click on the PDF file. Select “Get Info.”. If you want to keep your PDF document intact, with its formatting as its own page visible in your Word document, you have a couple of options. Open the Word document you want to add the PDF to. Click Insert > Object > Create from File. Browse for the PDF you want to insert. Click Okay. Your chosen PDF should insert directly into the Word document.Method 1. Save a PDF as a picture with a PDF editor. The easiest and fastest way to make a PDF a picture is to do it with a special function of the PDF editor. This way helps you save time, as the task can be accomplished in a few clicks. Besides, you don’t need to search for and use third-party applications. You can convert PDF to …If you are on Windows 10, right-click the image and select "Print." If you are on Windows 11, right-click the image and choose Show More Options > Print. A "Print Pictures" window will open. In this window, select the virtual PDF printer by clicking the "Printer" drop-down menu and choosing "Microsoft Print to PDF."Click Print. 4. Enter a name for the PDF. Type in a name for the flattened PDF next to “File name.”. 5. Select a file location and click Save. Choose a file location like “Desktop” or “Documents.”. This will … Click on “Upload files”, select the PDF files you want to convert (or just drop them to the window outlined by a dotted line) and wait. Converted files will be ready within a couple of seconds. All you have to do after is click “Download” and select the location where the files will be saved. This free online PDF converter allows you to ... Step 4: Click the Scan button to begin scanning the hard copy in the scanner. Step 5: Once the scanning is completed, click the File menu and then click the Print option. Yes, we are going to save the file as PDF. Step 5: When the Print dialog shows up, select Microsoft Print to PDF from the printer drop-down box, and then click the Print …I uploaded a pdf and a picture to the content library of the class notebook that is set up in MS Teams. I right clicked to set as background. It's not an option. I went to file to try it that way. It's not an option, below is what it brings up. I've tried in the app and browser. I can draw on the pdf or picture but NOT put a text box on top of ...Save PDF as JPG in 2 clicks. Save PDF as JPG. “Extract single images” will instruct the tool to search for actual images within the PDF and only extract those. The …Firstly, open Photos on your iPhone and select the images you want to convert. Secondly, press the “ Share ” icon > Print, adjust the paper size if desired, then click “ Print ” on the top right. Thirdly, press “ Save to files ”, then change the PDF name and output directory.If you have Acrobat X Standard or Professional installed you can extract an image from a PDF. Use the extracted image for your desktop background. ... Create PDF; Edit PDF; Export PDF; Review and Comment; Scan and Optimize; Mobile PDF; Protect PDF; PDF Forms; Sign and Send PDFs; Combine Files; Click File > Save As (or Save a Copy if your presentation is saved on OneDrive or SharePoint). Navigate to the folder where you want to save your slide. Type the name of your slide image in the File name text box. Click to open the Save as Type drop-down menu. Select one of the following image formats for your slide. JPEG File Interchange ... Jul 18, 2022 · Tap and hold on this image and select "Open Image in New Tab." Switch to the newly launched tab. Then, in Chrome's top-right corner, tap the three dots and choose "Share." From the share menu, select "Print." On the print screen, at the top, tap the drop-down menu and choose "Save as PDF." This PowerPoint quick tip shows you how to save a single or multiple PowerPoint slides as a picture (PNG or JPEG) or a PDF file. In this video I will show ...Right-click the PDF file in question. Open it using Acrobat Reader. Within the program, navigate to the Tools tab, followed by Export PDF. You’ll see a list of formats for exporting the PDF file ...1. How to Save a PDF as a JPEG Online? Open the online PDF to JPEG converter. Upload file (the "+Add file" button or drag and drop). Select the output image (s) quality: Low, Medium, or High. Click … Convert JPG, PNG, BMP, and more to PDFs with Adobe Acrobat online services. Turn an image file into a PDF in two easy steps. Try it for free! You can use the Office programs to save or convert your files to PDFs so that you can share them or print them using commercial printers. And you won’t need any other software or add-ins. Use PDF format when you want a file that: Looks the same on most computers. Has a smaller file size. Complies with an industry format.Feb 27, 2021 · Google Drive provides a built-in image-to-PDF converter. Upload the file to Google Drive. Open the image. Select the three dots in the upper-right corner. Select Print in the menu. In the Printer menu, select Save as PDF . Select the PDF download icon. Choose a name for the PDF and tap Save. In this video, I show you how to save a PDF file as an image/jpg. This is handy if you want to insert a PDF as an image into a portfolio or presentation and ...Step 4: Click the Scan button to begin scanning the hard copy in the scanner. Step 5: Once the scanning is completed, click the File menu and then click the Print option. Yes, we are going to save the file as PDF. Step 5: When the Print dialog shows up, select Microsoft Print to PDF from the printer drop-down box, and then click the Print …Follow these steps to turn an email into a PDF with the Mail app. Open an email in the Mail app. Tap the button on the toolbar for additional actions. Tap Print. Hold the email preview and tap the larger preview that opens. Tap Share > Books to save your email as a PDF in the Books app. Once your email is saved as a PDF in Books, you can share ...Step 4. Open the control panel on your computer by clicking on the "Start" menu. Open your "Displays and Appearances" menu and click on the screensaver icon or hyperlink. A dialogue box will open with an image of your desktop screen and your current screensaver. A drop-down menu will give you the option of choosing your computer's photos as a ...The Google Chrome browser has a feature that lets you save any page as a PDF. If you have Google Chrome, print the page and change the printer option to Save as PDF. If you have a different browser, ... Press Ctrl+V to paste the URL to either of the services to save the file as a picture or a PDF. Related information. How to take a ... Turn an image file into a PDF in two easy steps. Convert JPG, PNG and more to PDFs with Adobe Acrobat online services. Convert JPG, PNG, BMP and more to PDFs with Adobe Acrobat online services. Convert a PDF to JPG, PNG or TIFF with Adobe Acrobat online services. Follow our easy steps to save a PDF in an image format in seconds. Try it for free! How to compress a PDF. Follow these easy steps to compress a large PDF file online: Click the Select a file button above, or drag and drop files into the drop zone. Select the PDF file you want to make smaller. After uploading, Acrobat will automatically reduce the PDF size. Download your compressed PDF file or sign in to share it.How to save a picture as a PDF on iPhone. How to send a picture from iPhone as a PDF is a frequently asked question. To save photos as PDF on iPhone, its native app Photos can help you achieve that. You can turn bulk photos of different formats such as JPG, HEIC, and HEIF into a PDF file with no effort. Take the iPhone 12 for example.You can hold Ctrl while clicking to select multiple objects, Shift to select ranges of objects, or press Ctrl+A to select every object in a folder. Make sure that "Printer" is set to "Microsoft Print to PDF," then click the "Print" button. Name the PDF and select where you'd like it to be saved, then click "Save."Do you want to create a stunning presentation from a PDF file? Use Adobe Acrobat's online tool to convert PDF to PPT in seconds. No installation or registration required. Just upload your PDF and get a ready-to-use PowerPoint file.Feb 27, 2021 · Google Drive provides a built-in image-to-PDF converter. Upload the file to Google Drive. Open the image. Select the three dots in the upper-right corner. Select Print in the menu. In the Printer menu, select Save as PDF . Select the PDF download icon. Choose a name for the PDF and tap Save. How To Convert PDF to JPG Online: Drag & drop your file in the PDF to JPG converter. Choose “Convert entire pages” or “Extract single images.” We'll convert your PDF to JPG in a matter of seconds. Download the converted file(s) on the results page. Separate pages with a PDF reader. Another way to save a single page of a PDF is to use the PDF viewer built into your computer’s operating system. For macOS, that’s Preview. For Windows, it’s Microsoft Edge. Here’s how to save one page of a PDF with each of these operating systems. Save one page with macOS: Open your PDF in Preview.First, open PowerPoint and, in the thumbnail pane, select the slide that you'd like to save as an image by clicking it. A box will appear around the slide once it's been selected. Next, click the "File" tab. In the left-hand pane, select "Save As." To the right of the screen, you'll see two text boxes.If you are on Windows 10, right-click the image and select "Print." If you are on Windows 11, right-click the image and choose Show More Options > Print. A "Print Pictures" window will open. In this window, select the virtual PDF printer by clicking the "Printer" drop-down menu and choosing "Microsoft Print to PDF."Nov 2, 2018 · Here’s how to use iLovePDF to make a PDF into JPG images: 1) Download the iLovePDF app from the App Store and open it. 2) Under Storage categories, tap iLovePDF – In my iPhone. 3) On the next screen, tap the big red plus icon > Files > and choose the PDF from your iPhone Files app. 4) Now, tap the three dots icon next to the PDF you just added. First of all, make sure you have installed ImageMagick as the following code uses ImageMagick's convert command.. Once you have had a PDF output, you need to convert it to PNG by using the following …Click the file to highlight the name. Click the "Open" button to load the file into Paint. Choose "Save As" from the File menu. Choose "JPEG" from the "Save as type" drop-down menu. Click the "Save" button to save the original scanned document as a JPEG file. This will keep your original file and add the newly converted file. Click the three dots on the context menu. Choose Export as image. Select the file size and click Export. Saving the frame as an image. To export the whole board as an image: Select all objects on your board with the shortcut Ctrl + A (for Windows) or ⌘ + A (for Mac) Click the three dots to create a frame around them. I found the best resolution and very satisfied, File> Print > Choose Microsoft print to PDF (as your printer) > Click printer properties > Advanced > Change the paper size to A3 > OK > OK > Print. DONE You will get almost …How to Save a Picture as a PDF. By Mahesh Makvana. Published Jul 18, 2022. This is easier than you think! Quick Links. Save a Photo as a PDF on Windows. …Open the Word document you want to add the PDF to. Click Insert > Object > Create from File. Browse for the PDF you want to insert. Click Okay. Your chosen PDF should insert directly into the Word document. From there, you can adjust the size or position of the PDF, just like you would an image.Convert Images to PDF for free online. Our JPG to PDF Converter turns any image file into a custom PDF file (No size limits, no watermarks). …Convert a PDF to BMP online. Open your favorite web browser and navigate to the Acrobat online PDF to JPG converter. Choose the blue button labeled “Select a file” and locate your PDF document. You can also simply drag and drop the PDF into the converter frame. Once your file has been uploaded, use the dropdown menu to select the TIFF file ...Save PDF as JPG in 2 clicks. Save PDF as JPG. “Extract single images” will instruct the tool to search for actual images within the PDF and only extract those. The …Mar 29, 2022 · Right-click the document and choose Select Tool from the pop-up menu. Drag to select text or click to select an image. Right-click the selected item and choose Copy. The image is now in your clipboard. Alternatively: Use the Snapshot tool. Choose Edit > Take A Snapshot . If you want to keep your PDF document intact, with its formatting as its own page visible in your Word document, you have a couple of options. Open the Word document you want to add the PDF to. Click Insert > Object > Create from File. Browse for the PDF you want to insert. Click Okay. Your chosen PDF should insert directly into the Word document.You didn't say "convert", you said "export". Exporting a PDF from Acrobat can be an image, but it will only export the whole PDF. PNG supports no paths, but transparency. With JPG it's vice versa. But Acrobat will not save the path or switch to transparency, so you need to do it as I said. Use Photoshop or any else graphic tool that …
There are several reasons to convert an image into a PDF. You could be working on a logo for your domain name or building a brand for yourself – in any case, you will require an image in PDF to get your job done. Based on the original image format, the device it’s on, and the operating system, there are several ways to save a picture as a …. Vpn
There are several reasons to convert an image into a PDF. You could be working on a logo for your domain name or building a brand for yourself – in any case, you will require an image in PDF to get your job done. Based on the original image format, the device it’s on, and the operating system, there are several ways to save a picture as a …I uploaded a pdf and a picture to the content library of the class notebook that is set up in MS Teams. I right clicked to set as background. It's not an option. I went to file to try it that way. It's not an option, below is what it brings up. I've tried in the app and browser. I can draw on the pdf or picture but NOT put a text box on top of ...In Outlook, the following procedure only works for photos. Right-click the illustration that you want to save as a separate image file, and then click Save as Picture. In the Save as type list, select the file format that you want. In the File name box, type a new name for the picture, or just accept the suggested file name.MS Paint: Paste the copied text into a new Paint file, then select File > Save As > JPEG Picture. There are times when an image would serve your purposes better than a text document would. Although Word converts a document into a PDF file , it doesn't provide a built-in way to save it as a JPEG .How To Convert to and From PDF: Upload your file to the universal online PDF converter. The tool will instantly upload and transform the file. Compress, edit, or modify the output file, if necessary. Download the file or export it to Dropbox or Google Drive.2. Converting a photo to PDF on an Android phone without an app. In a nutshell, there are two main ways to convert a Photo to PDF without downloading an app from the Play Store. You get to save time and space…there is no need to clutter your phone with unused apps. One way relies on Google Drive and the other relies on the …5. Click the File menu and select Export as PDF. This option is toward the bottom of the File menu. 6. Enter a name for your PDF file. Type whatever you want to name your PDF document into the "Save As" text box at the top of the window. Try naming it something relevant so you can find it later. 7.Oct 17, 2023 · 1. Open the file you want to convert. Go to the location of the file you want to convert into a PDF, then double-click the file to open it. If you want to add multiple photos to one PDF, instead do the following: select each photo you want to use by holding down Ctrl while clicking them, right-click one of the selected photos, and click Print ... The Google Chrome browser has a feature that lets you save any page as a PDF. If you have Google Chrome, print the page and change the printer option to Save as PDF. If you have a different browser, ... Press Ctrl+V to paste the URL to either of the services to save the file as a picture or a PDF. Related information. How to take a ...Click the “File” menu and select “Open.”. Locate your image and click “OK.”. 3. Click “File,” then click the arrow next to “Save As.”. A list of image types, including JPEG, will appear. 4. Click “JPEG.”. This will launch a new box which allows you to choose a folder, rename the file, and select a “Save as type.”.Select PDF files. or drop PDFs here. Convert all pages in a PDF to JPG or extract all images in a PDF to JPG. Convert or extract PDF to JPG online, easily and free.Jul 23, 2021 · Click it to select it. Or, if you're wanting to convert multiple JPG files to PDF, click the "Select" button in the top-right corner of the window. Next, select all the photos that you want to convert. The photos with a check mark in the top-right corner of the image are selected. Now, whether you've selected one or several photos, click the ... If you are on Windows 10, right-click the image and select "Print." If you are on Windows 11, right-click the image and choose Show More Options > Print. A "Print Pictures" window will open. In this window, select the virtual PDF printer by clicking the "Printer" drop-down menu and choosing "Microsoft Print to PDF."Turn an image file into a PDF in two easy steps. Convert JPG, PNG and more to PDFs with Adobe Acrobat online services. Convert JPG, PNG, BMP and more to PDFs with Adobe Acrobat online services.Here is how you go about it: Open your Android device and navigate to your Gallery. Find the image you want to convert to PDF and tap on it to open it. Click on the icon with the three vertical ...To convert PDF to JPG image on Mac, follow these steps... Launch the 'Preview' app from your Application folder. Open the PDF you wish to convert. Click File > Export. Select 'JPEG' from the 'Format' dropdown menu. Click Save. Convert PDF to JPEG on Mac computers. Read Next: How to Convert a PDF File to a Word document >.To save a file as a PDF document in Windows 11: Open the file with a Windows application that supports printing. In this example, an .RTF file is saved as a PDF document with WordPad. Select the print option (typically File → Print…) or type "Ctrl + P” as a shortcut. Choose "Microsoft Print to PDF" from the list of available printers in ...Microsoft Paint can save pictures in several different formats, including bitmap (BMP), JPG, GIF and TIFF. ... There are two ways to convert from Paint to PDF: the first creates an actual-size picture with white space covering the rest of the page, and the second creates a full-page picture. Advertisement Actual Size Picture to PDF Video of the DayChoose the "PDF" option from the As section and then click the "OK" button. The text you copied from the first Word document will now be inserted as an uneditable object. When you click it, a box will appear around the block. Now, right-click the PDF block and select the "Save as Picture" option. Finally, from the Save menu that appears, …Steps to Convert a PDF to a Picture. If you want to try it out, you can use this guide to ensure that it works. Here is the process for PDF to image conversion by using the PDFelement for Mac. Step 1. Open Your PDF with the Editor. The initial thing you need to do is to load the PDF files that you have to the PDF image converter.Step 1: Open your desired webpage in the Chrome app, select the Three-dot icon located in the top-right corner, and choose Share in the drop-down menu. Step 2: A pop-up menu appears on the bottom ....